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Old school bee sting treatment11/10/2023 ![]() Members of the class Insecta, which comprise approximately 60% of all arthropod species, include Hymenoptera (bees, wasps, hornets and fire ants), mosquitoes, bed bugs, fleas, lice, beetles, caterpillars and moths, and kissing bugs. ![]() Treatment of ocular exposure requires copious irrigation, fluorescein staining to evaluate for ulceration, topical antibiotics, cycloplegics, and ophthalmology referral. ![]() Washing the area immediately with soapy water following exposure may help reduce the effects of the toxin. Treatment of topical exposure is similar to that of a second-degree burn and includes topical antibiotics and analgesics. More significant injury can occur with ocular exposure which can cause chemical conjunctivitis or corneal ulceration. The toxic liquid often causes the development of a localized area of hyperpigmentation, usually brown or black, which may last for months. Clinically this may present with an intense burning sensation accompanied by erythema and occasionally vesicle formation. Millipedes inflict damage through secretion of a toxic liquid from glands on the sides of their body segments which produces a localized caustic-like effect to tissues. Millipedes are members of the class Diplopoda, characterized by the presence of two pairs of legs per body segment. Cases manifesting with severe localized pain are treatable with the local infiltration of lidocaine. Treatment is generally supportive and includes cleaning the area with soap and water, local application of ice, topical steroids, and pain management with acetaminophen or NSAIDs. The venom consists of biochemical mediators, including metalloproteases, which result in immediate localized pain. Bites often produce two hemorrhagic punctures accompanied by surrounding erythema and swelling. The most clinically significant impact of arthropod bites is their ability to serve as vectors for numerous bacterial, viral, and protozoal diseases.Īrachnids: spiders, scorpions, mites, and ticksĬentipedes are chilopods characterized by a cephalad biting structure connected to a venom gland. In these cases, rapid recognition and treatment with epinephrine are critical. The acute development of anaphylactic reactions can be rapidly fatal, most commonly due to angioedema or circulatory collapse. In some cases, the delivery of toxic venom can result in significant systemic reactions including autonomic instability, neurotoxicity and organ failure. Of these, the insects, which represent more than half of all living organisms, and the arachnids have the greatest clinical impact on humans.Įrythematous and edematous eruptions along with other dermatological findings such as papules and urticaria represent the most common clinical manifestations of arthropod bites and stings. The four medically significant classes of arthropods are Chilopoda, Diplopoda, Insecta, and Arachnida. Defining characteristics include the presence of an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a body composed of specialized regional segments. Arthropods make up the largest division of the animal kingdom, representing approximately 80% of all known animals. The term “bug bite” is commonly used to denote both bites and stings inflicted by members of the phylum Arthropoda. This activity reviews the etiology, presentation, evaluation, and management/prevention of various insect bites, and reviews the role of the interprofessional team in evaluating, diagnosing, and managing the condition. The most clinically significant impact of arthropod bites is their ability to serve as vectors for numerous bacterial, viral, and protozoal diseases. Erythematous and edematous eruptions along with other dermatological findings such as papules and urticaria represent the most common clinical manifestations of arthropod bites and stings. Of these, the insects, which represent more than half of all living organisms, and the arachnids have the greatest clinical impact on humans. Defining characteristics include the presence of an exoskeleton, jointed appendages, and a body composed of specialized regional segments. The term "bug bite" is commonly used to denote both bites and stings inflicted by members of the phylum Arthropoda.
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